Information for Women - Menstruation and PMS

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Menstruation and PMS

This section will take a look at the subject of Menstruation and PMS. Other topics that contain information for women can be found further down the page.

Premenstrual Stress Syndrome (PMS, also called Premenstrual Stress, Premenstrual Tension Syndrome, PMT, Premenstrual Syndrome, Periodic Mood Swing) is stress which is a physical symptom prior to the onset of menstruation. PMS should not be confused with dysmenorrhea, which refers to pain or cramps during menstruation.

PMS should not be confused with dysmenorrhea, which refers to pain or cramps during menstruation. Some estimates say that PMS occurs in 75% of women of reproductive age during their lifetime. A more severe form of PMS is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). This occurs in about 5% of women.

Menstruation is the part of a woman’s monthly menstrual cycle in which blood and tissue are discharged from the vagina. It is also commonly called a period or menstrual period.

If pregnancy doesn’t occur, progesterone levels fall and the uterine lining comes away as a period. Typically, PMS occurs after ovulation in the two weeks prior to menstruation. PMS ceases at menopause.

PMS encompasses symptoms severe enough to interfere with daily life. About 3-seven% of women experience the more severe PMDD. PMS is a real condition that can sometimes seriously disrupt a woman’s personal and work life. Delayed menstruation may occur in athletes, especially gymnasts, ballerinas, and long-distance runners because of insufficient body fat.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the name given to a group of physical and emotional symptoms that some women experience on a regular basis in relation to menstruation. Premenstrual syndrome involves a variety of physical, mental, and behavioral symptoms tied to a woman's menstrual cycle.

Studies link the symptoms of PMS to high levels of estrogen in a woman's body before and during menstruation. Premenopausal women with elevated estrogen levels experience more frequent and severe PMS symptoms.

With ovulation, progesterone levels rise to assume dominance during the two weeks preceding menstruation. Progesterone blocks many of estrogen's potential side effects. A surplus of estrogen or a deficiency of progesterone during these two weeks allows an abnormal month long exposure to estrogen dominance, setting the stage for the symptoms of estrogen side effects.

The severity of PMS symptoms ranges from mild to incapacitating. Menorrhagia is recurrently heavy bleeding during menstruation. The average blood loss during menstruation is typically about 40ml.

Secondary amenorrhoea is when menstruation has stopped for six consecutive months in a woman who has previously had regular periods. Excluding pregnancy as a cause, about 20%-30% of women experience amenorrhoea at some time during their reproductive life.

Unlike dysmenorrhea, or "painful menstruation", true PMS symptoms appear before your period. This is why PMS is sometimes called "the period before your period".

Women should not swim during menstruation because of the possibility of infection.

PMS symptoms may be relieved by avoiding caffeine, sugar, salt, white flour, red meat, dairy, butter, monosodium glutamate (MSG), fried foods, and processed foods during the two weeks prior to menstruation.

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Menstruation and PMS